-1. Lipid A structure (A. Silipo, A. Molinaro).- 2. Structure of the lipopolysaccharide core region (O. Holst).- 3. Structure of O-antigens (Y.A. Knirel).- 4. Chemical synthesis of lipid A and analogues (S. Kusumoto).- 5. Chemical synthesis of lipopolysaccharide core (P. Kosma, A. Zamyatina).- 6. Genetics and biosynthesis of lipid A (C.M. Stead, A.C. Pride, M.S. Trent).- 7. Pathways for the biosynthesis of NDP sugars (Y. Hao, J. Lam).- 8. Lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharide biosynthesis and assembly (U. Mamat, M. Skurnik, J.A. Bengoechea).- 9. Genetics, biosynthesis and assembly of O-antigen (M.A. Valvano, S.E. Furlong, K.B. Patel).- 10. Lipopolysaccharide export to the outer membrane (P. Sperandeo, G. Deh , A. Polissi).- 11. Evolution of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes (M.M. Cunneen, P.R. Reeves).- 12. The molecular basis of lipid A and Toll-like receptor 4 interactions (G.L. Hold, C.E. Bryant).- 13. Modulation of lipopolysaccharide signalling through TLR4 agonists and antagonists (F. Peri, M. Piazza, V. Calabrese, R. Cighetti).- 14. Lipopolysaccharide interactions with plants (G. Erbs, M.-A. Newman)